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面试题:关系型数据库mysql知识点梳理总结

发布网友发布时间：2022-04-23 04:37

共1个回答

懂视网时间：2022-04-29 20:45

一、安装

1、查看系统中是否已安装mysql

[root@master ~]# yum list installed mysql*

已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Determining fastest mirrors

base                                                                                      | 3.7 kB     00:00     

extras                                                                                    | 3.4 kB     00:00     

updates                                                                                   | 3.4 kB     00:00     

updates/primary_db                                                                        | 1.5 MB     00:00     

已安装的软件包

mysql-libs.x86_64              5.1.71-1.el6               @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64/6.5

[root@master ~]# yum list mysql*

已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

已安装的软件包

mysql-libs.x86_64                5.1.71-1.el6             @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64/6.5

可安装的软件包

MySQL-python.x86_64              1.2.3-0.3.c1.1.el6       base                                                   

mysql.x86_64                     5.1.73-3.el6_5           base                                                   

mysql-bench.x86_64               5.1.73-3.el6_5           base                                                   

mysql-connector-java.noarch      1:5.1.17-6.el6           base                                                   

mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64      5.1.5r1144-7.el6         base                                                   

mysql-devel.i686                 5.1.73-3.el6_5           base                                                   

mysql-devel.x86_64               5.1.73-3.el6_5           base                                                   

mysql-embedded.i686              5.1.73-3.el6_5           base                                                   

mysql-embedded.x86_64            5.1.73-3.el6_5           base                                                   

mysql-embedded-devel.i686        5.1.73-3.el6_5           base                                                   

mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64      5.1.73-3.el6_5           base                                                   

mysql-libs.i686                  5.1.73-3.el6_5           base                                                   

mysql-libs.x86_64                5.1.73-3.el6_5           base                                                   

mysql-server.x86_64              5.1.73-3.el6_5           base                                                   

mysql-test.x86_64                5.1.73-3.el6_5           base

2、查看现有安装包

[root@master ~]# yum list mysql*

已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

已安装的软件包

mysql.x86_64                                              5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    @base

mysql-devel.x86_64                                        5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    @base

mysql-libs.x86_64                                         5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    @base

mysql-server.x86_64                                       5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    @base

可安装的软件包

MySQL-python.x86_64                                       1.2.3-0.3.c1.1.el6                                base 

mysql-bench.x86_64                                        5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    base 

mysql-connector-java.noarch                               1:5.1.17-6.el6                                    base 

mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64                               5.1.5r1144-7.el6                                  base 

mysql-devel.i686                                          5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    base 

mysql-embedded.i686                                       5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    base 

mysql-embedded.x86_64                                     5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    base 

mysql-embedded-devel.i686                                 5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    base 

mysql-embedded-devel.x86_64                               5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    base 

mysql-libs.i686                                           5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    base 

mysql-test.x86_64                                         5.1.73-3.el6_5                                    base 

[root@master ~]#

3、安装mysql服务器段

[root@master ~]# yum install mysql-devel.x86_64 
[root@master ~]# yum install mysql-server.x86_64

4、安装mysql客户端（可选）

[root@master ~]# yum install mysql

二、配置

1、设置默认字符和引擎

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

在[mysqld]下添加

default-character-set=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB

三、启动和关闭

1、启动和关闭

[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
停止 mysqld：                                              [确定]

2、开机启动

[root@master ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql

mysqld          0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭

[root@master ~]#

[root@master ~]# chkconfig add mysqld
chkconfig 版本 1.3.49.3 - 版权 (C) 1997-2000 Red Hat, Inc.
在 GNU 公共许可的条款下，本软件可以被自由发行。
用法：   chkconfig [--list] [--type <type>] [name]
         chkconfig --add <name>
         chkconfig --del <name>
         chkconfig --override <name>
         chkconfig [--level <levels>] [--type <type>] <name> <on|off|reset|resetpriorities>
[root@master ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@master ~]# chkconfig mysqld on

[root@master ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql
mysqld          0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
[root@master ~]#

更多安装配置相关详情，参看原博文：redhat下mysql安装与使用

四、启动mysql

[root@master ~]# mysql
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)

问题原因：未启动mysql

1、启动mysql

[root@master ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
正在启动 mysqld：                                          [确定]

[root@master ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1
Connection id:  2
Current database: 
Current user:  root@localhost
SSL:   Not in use
Current pager:  stdout
Using outfile:  ‘‘
Using delimiter: ;
Server version:  5.1.73 Source distribution
Protocol version: 10
Connection:  Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db     characterset: utf8
Client characterset: latin1
Conn.  characterset: latin1
UNIX socket:  /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:   10 sec
Threads: 1  Questions: 5  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 15  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 8  Queries per second avg: 0.500
--------------

五、mysql的使用

1、查看mysql帮助信息

mysql> h
For information about MySQL products and services, visit:
   http://www.mysql.com/
For developer information, including the MySQL Reference Manual, visit:
   http://dev.mysql.com/
To buy MySQL Enterprise support, training, or other products, visit:
   https://shop.mysql.com/
List of all MySQL commands:
Note that all text commands must be first on line and end with ‘;‘
?         (?) Synonym for `help‘.
clear     (c) Clear the current input statement.
connect   (
) Reconnect to the server. Optional arguments are db and host.
delimiter (d) Set statement delimiter.
edit      (e) Edit command with $EDITOR.
ego       (G) Send command to mysql server, display result vertically.
exit      (q) Exit mysql. Same as quit.
go        (g) Send command to mysql server.
help      (h) Display this help.
nopager   (
) Disable pager, print to stdout.
notee     (	) Don‘t write into outfile.
pager     (P) Set PAGER [to_pager]. Print the query results via PAGER.
print     (p) Print current command.
prompt    (R) Change your mysql prompt.
quit      (q) Quit mysql.
rehash    (#) Rebuild completion hash.
source    (.) Execute an SQL script file. Takes a file name as an argument.
status    (s) Get status information from the server.
system    (!) Execute a system shell command.
tee       (T) Set outfile [to_outfile]. Append everything into given outfile.
use       (u) Use another database. Takes database name as argument.
charset   (C) Switch to another charset. Might be needed for processing binlog with multi-byte charsets.
warnings  (W) Show warnings after every statement.
nowarning (w) Don‘t show warnings after every statement.
For server side help, type ‘help contents‘
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