初一英语复习资料？

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热心网友 时间：2022-07-13 00:55

Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一、词组
be from= come form 来自...
pen pal=pen friend 笔友
like and dislike 好恶；爱憎
live in….在...居住
speak English 讲英语
play sports 做体育运动
a little French 一些法语
go to the movies 去看电影
an action movie 一部动作片
on weekends 在周末
Excuse me 对不起，打扰
get to 到达、抵达
beginning of 在...开始的时候
at the end of 在...结束的时候
二、句型
（1）、Where主 +be+主语＋from? 主语＋be+from+地点.
（2）、Where do/does+主语＋live? 主语＋live/lives in…
（3）、What language do/does +主语+speak? 主语＋speak/speaks….
（4）、主语＋like/likes+doing…
三、日常交际用语
1－Where is your pen pal from? －He’s from China.
2－Where does she live? -－She lives in Tokyo.
3－Does she speak English? －Yes, she does/No, she doesn’t.
4－Is that your new pen pal? －Yes,he is /No,he isn’t.
5－What language does she speak? －She speaks English.
Unit 2 Where’s the post office
一、词组 post office 邮局
pay phone 投币式公用电话
next to 在...隔壁
across from 在...对面
in front of 在...前面
between…and… 在...和...之间
on a street 在街上
in the neighborhood 在附近
on the right/left 在右边／在左边
on one’s right/left 在某人的右边／左边
turn right/left 向右／左转
take a walk 散步
have fun 玩得开心
the way to …去...的路
take a taxi 打的／乘出租车
go down(along)…沿着...走
go through...穿过...
have a good trip 旅途愉快
二、句型
(1)、Is there a bank near here? Yes, there is .It’s on Centre Street. No,there isn’t.
(2)、Where’s the sumpermarket? It’s next to the library.
(3)、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.
(4)、I hope you have a good trip.
(5)、If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.
(6)、Talk a walk though the park..
(7)、enjoy后接名词或动词-ing形式. Do you enoy(=like) your work? Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city?
三、日常交际用语
(1)、Is there a ….?句型E.g. -Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood. -Yes, there is. No.there isn’t
(2)、Where is …?句型Eg: -Where is the park, please? -It’s behind the bank. (肯定回答) -I’m sorry I don’t know. (否定回答)
(3)、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.例如： - Which is the way to the library.
(4)、How can I get to +地点?句型.例如： -How can I get to the restaurant?
(5)、Can you tell me the way to +地点？句型.例 - Can you tell me the way to the post office? (6)、Let me tell you the way to my house.
(7)、Just go straight and turn left.
Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?
一、词组
want to do sth .想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想要某做某事
want sth 想要某物
Let sb do sth 让某人做某事
kind of 有几分\种类
a kind of 一种…
…years old …年龄 如：ten years old 十岁
like to do sth 喜欢做某事
like doing sth play with … 与...一起玩
be quiet 安静
ring the day 在白天
at night 在夜间
have a look at.. 看...
one…the other 一个...另一个...
二、句型
(1)、-why do you like pandas? -Because they’re very cure.
(2)、-Why dose he like koalas? -Because they are kind of interesting.
(3)、-Where are lions from? -Lions are from South Africa.
(4)、-What animals do you like? -I like elephants.
三、日常交际用语
(1)、-Let’s see the lions.
(2)-Why do you want to see the lions? -Becase they are very cute.
(3)-Do you like giraffes? Yes,I do./ No,I don’t
(4)-What other animal do you like? _I like dogs.too other+ 名词的复数.表示没有特定的数量范围 the other+名词的复数表示有特定的数量范围.
(5)-Why are you looking at me? -Because you are very cute.
(6)-Let us play games. –Great! Let me see.
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一、词组
want to be+职业 想要成为。。。
shop assistant 店员
bank clerk 银行职员
work with 与。。。一起工作
work hard 努力工作
work for 为。。。而工作
work as 作为。。而工作
get.. from…从。。。获得。。。
give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物给某人
at night 在夜间
talk to /with 与…讲话
go out to dinners 外出吃饭
in a hospital 在医院
newspaper reporter 报社记者
movie actor 电影演员
二、句型
(1)-What do/does+某人+do? 例：-What do you do?-I’m a student. -What dose he do? He’s a teacher.
(2)-What do/does+某人+want to be? 例：What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher. -What does she want to be? She wants to be a nuser.
(3)-Where does your sister work? -She works in a hospital.
(4)-Does he work in the hospiat Yes.he does/No,he doesn’t
(5)-Does she work late? -Yes,she does/No.she doesn’t
(6)－英语中询问职业的几种表达方式： What do/does …do? What is…? What is your father? What’s one’s job?例：What’s your father’s job?
Unit 5 I’m watching TV.
一、词组
do homework 做家庭作业
watch TV 看电视
eat dinner 吃饭；就餐
clean the room 打扫房间
read newspaper/a book 看报纸／看书
go to the movies 看电影
write a letter 写信
wait for 等待；等候
talk about 谈论。。。。
play basketball/soccer/ 打篮球／踢足球
take photos 拍照 TV show 电视节目
Some of。。。 。。。中的一些
a photo of my family school 在学校
be with 和。。。一起
in the tree 在树上
二、句型
(1)-What+be+主语+doing? ….正在做什么？ -主语＋be+doing。。。 …正在做某事。 例： －what are you doing? -I’m doing my homework.
(2)-Thanks for … 为。。。而感谢 例：Thanks for your letter.
(3)-Here are/is… 例：Here are some of my photos. Here is a photo of my family.
(4)-That sounds good.
(5)-This TV show is boring.
三、日常交际用语
(1)-Do you want to go to the movices? –Sure.
(2)-When do you want to go? –Let’s go at seven.
(3)-Where do people play basketball? –At school.
(4)-What’s he waiting for?-He’s waiting for a bus.
(5)-What’s he reading? He’s reading a newspaper.
1)现在在进行时的形式是： 助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式（也叫现在分词），表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。
2)现在进行时的肯定句形式 主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他 I’m watching TV.
3)现在进行时的否定句形式 主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他 They are not playing soccer. 4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答: Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他? Yes,主语+is/am/are. No,主语+isn’t/aren’t/am not. Are you reading? Yes,I am. No,I am not.
5) 现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式: 特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他? 例:What is your brother doing?
6) 动词+ing形式(现在分词)的构成. 1一般情况下在动词词结尾加-ing. 如: eat--eating, do—doing,clean—cleaning, play—playing, 2以不发音的元音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加-ing. 如:take--taking,write—writing,have-having come—coming.dance--dancing 3词尾如果是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词.应该先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing. 如:run—runing,sit—sitting ,swim—swimming. Shop—shopping. put—putting,sit—sitting
Unit 6 It’s raning!
一、词组
Around The World 世界各地
On vacation 度假
Take photos 拍照
On the beach 在海边
a group of people 一群人
play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球
be surprised 惊讶的
be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶
in this heat 在酷暑中
be relaxed 放松
have a good time 玩得很痛快
in different kind of weather 在不同的天气里
Thank sb for(doing)sth由于（做）某事而感谢某人
How’s it going? 近况如何
Some…others…一些…另一些…
Look like..看起来像。。。
二、句型／日常交际用语
(1)-How’s the weather(+地点)? –It’s raining?
(2)-What’s the weather like?—It’s sunny./It’s cold and snowing.
(3)-How’s it going? –Great./Not bad.
(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around The World show?
(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? –Yes,she is/No,she isn’t
Unit 7 What dose he look like?
一、词组
look like 看起来像....
curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发
medium height/build 中等高度／身体
a little bit 一点儿…
a pop singer 一位流行歌手
wear glasses 戴眼镜
have a new look 呈现新面貌
go shopping 去购物
the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长
Nobody knows me 没有人认识我
二、句型
1) --What does he look like? --He’s really short.He has short hair.
2) --She has beautiful,long black hair.
3) --I don’t think he’s so great .
4) --What do you look like? I’m tall.I’m thin.
5) --What do they look like?- --They are medium height.
6) --She never stops talking. --Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事. 如:He stop listening --stop to do (sth)表示停下来去做某事 如:He stops to listen.
7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.
Unit 8 I’d like some noodles.
1.词组
would like 想要
a large/medium/small bowl 大碗/中碗/小碗
what size 什么尺寸
orange juice 桔汁
green tea 绿茶
phone number 电话号码
as well as 而且
what kind of 表示….的种类
a kind of 一种…
some kind of 许多种…
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭
a bottle of orange juice 一瓶桔子汁
three oranges 三个桔子(可数)
a bottle of orange j 一瓶桔子汁(不可数)
some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数)
three chicken三只小鸡(可数)
二、句型
1)What kind of … would you like? 你想要…? EG:--What kind of noodles would you like? --Beef and tomato noodles.please.
2)We have lare ,medium,and small bowls.
3)I like mplings,I don’t lkee noodles.
三、日常交际用语
(1)—Can I help you? --I’d like some noodles. please.
(2)--what kind of noodles would you like? --I’d like mutton and potato noodles. Please.
(3)—Would you like a cup fo green tea? --Yes,please./No,thanks would like后面还可以跟不定式.即: A: would like to do.sth.想要做某事. He would like to see you today. B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事 What would you like me to do.
Unit 9 How was yu weekend?

热心网友 时间：2022-07-13 00:55

video tape录像带； lost and found失物招领； thanks for为……而感谢；
a lot of／lots of许多，大量； behind the sofa在沙发后面； in the drawer在抽屉里；
on the floor／table在地板，桌子上； On the dresser在梳妆台上； under the bed在床下；
bring…to…把……带(来)到……； call sb (at...)给某人打电话；
play baseball／basketball打棒球／篮球； play computer games玩电子游戏；
sound good听起来很好； take…to…把……带(去)到……； watch…on TV在电视上看
action movie动作片； basketball／volleyball game篮球，排球赛； Beijing Opera京剧：
birthday party生日聚会； English speech contest英语演讲比赛； movie star电影明星;
school day学校上课日； school trip学校旅行； summer camp夏令营;
talent show才艺表演； …year(s)old……岁(年龄)； a little少量;
at a very good price以很好的价钱； at home在家； at school在学校； in the morning在上午；
in the afternoon在下午； in the evening在傍晚／晚上； on sale出售； on weekends在周末；
do one’s homework~做作业； eat／have breakfast／lunch／dinner吃早/午/晚饭；
get to到达； get up起床； go home回家； go to a movie去看电影；
go to bed上床睡觉； go to school去上学； go to work去上班； help with在……(方面)帮助;
learn about了解有关……； listen to听……； look at／have a look at看一看……；
play chess下棋； play the guitar／trumpet／violin／drum弹吉他／吹喇叭，拉小提琴，敲鼓；
play with…和……； speak English说英语； take a shower淋浴，洗漂；
take the number 17 bus乘17路公共汽车； how much(价钱)多少； how old多大年记； what time几点，什么时候
二 复习本册主要内容，包括话题、词汇、句型及语法：
一 词汇分类记忆
1. school things ( 学习及相关用品):pencil pen book eraser ruler math book pencil case pencil sharpener backpack notebook computer watch key ring CD video cassette alarm clock ID card 2. family members (家庭成员):mother father parent sister brother grandmother grandfather grandparent uncle aunt cousin

3. furniture (家具) : table bed dresser bookcase sofa chair

4. sports and entertainment ( 运动与娱乐 ) : baseball basketball volleyball soccer bat tennis dance swimming paint play chess play the guitar

5. food(食物): hamburgers tomatoes broccoli oranges salad bananas eggs carrots apples chicken fruit vegetable breakfast lunch dinner French fries ice cream

6. clothes(衣物) : hat socks pants shorts sweater bag T-shirt

7. number(数词) :cardinal(基数词 ) / ordinal(序数词)
one / first two / second three / third four / fourth five / fifth six / sixth seven / seventh eight / eighth nine / ninth ten / tenth eleven / eleventh twelve / twelfth thirteen / thirteenth fourteen / fourteenth fifteen / fifteenth nineteen / nineteenth twenty / twentieth
twenty-one/ twenty-first thirty / thirtieth

8. month(月份) : January February March April May June July Au-gust September October November December

9. week (星期) : Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

10. movies(电影) : action movie comedy romance thriller

11. musical instrument ( 乐器 ):guitar drum piano trumpet violin

12. subject(科目) : math science history art Chinese English Spanish Portuguese Korean French physical ecation(P.E.)

13. countries and cities ( 国家与城市): Canada New Zealand Japan Australia Mexico Brazil Argentina
Seoul the United States the United Kingdom South Korea New York Mexico City Tokyo

14. daily life( 日常生活): run clean read get up eat / have breakfast /lunch / supper go to school
do homework / housework watch TV go to bed take a shower

15. adjectives ( 形容词 ) : interesting boring fun difficult relaxing scary
funny exciting sad great

二 主要语法项目
1．be动词的一般现在时形式
be动词的现在式有am，is，are三种形式，原形均为be, 因此称它们为be动词。
be动词在一般现在时的句子当中，通常构成主系表句型, 表示当前所存在的状态, 句型如下：
肯定句：主语+be动词+其他 e．g．I am a teacher．
否定句：主语+be动词+not+其他 e．g．He isn’t a student．
疑问句：Be动词+主语+其他 e．g．Are you a soccer player?
be动词的三种不同的形式分别接在不同的主语后面，第一人称单数I am，第一人称复数we are．第二人称单复数you are, 第三人称的单数she／he／it is，第三人称复数they are。注意下列缩写形式：
is not=isn’t are not=aren’t
I am not=I’m not
You are=You’re It is=It’s
看下列例句：
(1)It is not a book．／It isn’t a book． -
(2)一Is Mary a nurse? 一Yes, she is．
2 do/does引导的一般疑问句、否定句及肯定、否定回答
be动词(am，is，are)、助动词、情态动词以外的动词称为行为动词。行为动词通常用于主谓宾句型当中作谓语，表示一定的动作。在否定句和疑问句中，要加助动词d0／does，这和be动词不同。
句型如下：
肯定句：主语+动词(第三人称单数时, 动词一s／-es)
否定句：主语+do／does not(don’t／doesn’t)+动词
一般疑问句：Do／Does+主语+动词?
e．g．
(1) You go to school every day．
(2) She likes singing very much．
(3) I don’t watchTv at home．
(4) He doesn’t study hard．
(5)一Do you have an examination in English? 一Yes, I do．
(6)一Does she walk to school? 一No, she doesn’t．
3．人称代词、物主代词用法巧记和提示巧学妙记
1．人称代词的用法口诀
人称代词分两格, 主格宾格来分说；主格定把主语做，宾格作宾不会错。如:
He teaches us English．
2．物主代词用法口诀
物主代词两类型, 形容词性、名词性。形容词性作定语, 后面定把名词用①; 名词性, 独立用，主宾表语它都扮②
①形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性，在句中用作定语，后面必须接名词。如：
Our teacher is a young woman．
②名词性物主代词应独立使用．后面不跟名词。相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。它在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。如：
Her English is better than mine．Her作定语，mine=my English。
提示
当几个不同的人称代词作主语时。它们的排列顺序通常是：
①单数为：you，he／she and I如：
You, she and I are good friends．我、你和她都是好朋友。
Mary and I are in Class One．我和玛丽在一班。 ’
②复数为：we, you and they如：
We, you and they all enjoymusic．我们、你们和他们都喜欢音乐。
但如果是做错了事，当事人应承担责任时，通常把第一人称放在最前面。如：
一Who broke the window? —I and Mike．
这正是：单数人称2、3、l，复数人称l、2、3。麻烦事情“我”站前, 其他人称没意见。
4. 情态动词梳理归纳 can(could), may(might), must, have to, need, should
Can 1．表示主观能力，意为“能；会”。其否定形式为cannot=can’to如：
He can／can’t swim．
2．表示请求、许可，常用于“Can I…?”，意为“我可以……吗?”。比较口语化。如：Can I play football after I finish doing my homework?
3．表示推测，常用于否定和疑问句中。如：
Look at the name on the bag．It can’t be Lily’s．
Where can it be? May 1．表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。如：
May I have a look at your CD player?
2．表示可能性(说话人的猜测)，常用于肯定句中。如：
Your friend may be waiting for you now．
相关链接：
1．may引起的一般疑问句，其肯定回答多用“Yes，please．”或“Of course／Certainly．”；其否定回答多用“Please don’t．”或“No，youmustn’t．”。如：
—May I smoke here?
一Yes．please．／No．you mustn’t．
2．might是may的过去式，可用于间接引语中指过去。如： ，
He told me that it might be true．
3．might也可用于指现在，但语气比may较委婉，含义更不确定。如：
That might be quite expensive．
Must 1．表示说话人的主观意志，意为“必须”，这种“必须”多出于义务、责任或强制命令。 如：You must do it yourself．
2．表示推测，意为“一定”，语气较肯定，只用于肯定句中。如：
Look at our neighbor’s new car．They must earn a lot of money．
相关链接：
1．对must引起的一般疑问句,作肯定回答佣must,但作否定回答要用needn’t。如：
-- Must I wash the clothes now?
一Yes，you must. / No,you needn’t．
2．must的否定式为must not／mustn’t,意为“不允许；禁止”。如：
The children mustn’t play football in the street．
Have to 1．表示客观需要，意为“不得不”。有人称、时态和数的变化。如：
He has to wait for DrWang in the office．
2．have to的否定和疑问形式要借助于助动词do／does／did构成。如：
Why do you have to work so hard?
Need 用作情态动词时，意为“需要”，主要用于否定和疑问句中。如：
You needn’t worry about her．
Need you go to school now?

1.

热心网友 时间：2022-07-13 00:56

期末总复习-1

复习指导
1. Where are you from? 你来自哪里？
Where do you come from? 你来自哪里？
be from, come from这两个短语均表示“来自某地，是某地人”
e.g. Where is he from? 他来自哪里？
Some of my classmates are from Australia. 我的一些同学来自澳大利亚。
Is she from Japan? 她是日本人吗？
2. How do you like …? 你觉得…怎么样？
该句型动词like后可接表示人或物的词作宾语，意为“你觉得某人或某物怎么样？”，表示询问对某人或某物的看法、印象，相当于What do you think of …?
e.g. –How do you like Andy? 你觉得安迪这个人怎么样？
--I don’t think he is a good student. 我觉得他不是个好学生。
--How do you like your new house? 你觉得新居怎么样？
--I like it very much. 我非常喜欢。
3. 表示频率的时间副词：usually（通常，常常），always（总是），often（经常），sometimes（有时）等，在句子中常位于be动词或助动词和实义动词之间。
e.g. He often takes his dog to the park. 他经常带狗去公园。
She usually goes to school on foot. 她通常步行去学校。
I sometimes go shopping with Betty. 有时我和贝迪去逛街。
They are always late for class. 他们上课总是迟到。
4. --What does he/ she do? 他/她是做什么的？
--He/ She is a doctor. 他/她是一名医生。
该句型是针对某人的职业或身份询问的，表示“……是干什么的？”，相当于What is he/ she? What is his/ her job?
表示职业的名词有：driver驾驶员，farmer农民，soldier士兵，b

热心网友 时间：2022-07-13 00:57

我们老师给归纳的：
介词用法：
1.年月日，上，下午，晚上用in
eg:in
2008
in
January
in
the
morning
表示再……里，也用in
eg:in
the
box
in
the
moring
in
the
bag
1、词类：英语词类分十种：
名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：
表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy,
morning,
bag,
ball,
class,
orange.
2、代词(pron.)：
主要用来代替名词。如：who,
she,
you,
it
.
3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good,
right,
white,
orange
.
4、数词(num.)：
表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one,
two,
three,
first,
second,
third,
fourth.
5、动词(v.)：
表示动作或状态。如：am,
is,are,have,see
.
6、副词(adv.)：
修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now,
very,
here,
often,
quietly,
slowly.
7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a,
an,
the.
8、介词(prep.)：
表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,
on,
from,
above,
behind.
9、连词(conj.)：
用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,
but,
before
.
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh,
well,
hi,
hello.
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m
Miss
Green.(我是格林小姐)
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack
cleans
the
room
every
day.
(杰克每天打扫房间)
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My
name
is
Ping
ping
.(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He
can
spell
the
word.(他能拼这个词)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He
wrote
me
a
letter
.
(他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He
wrote
a
letter
to
me
.
(他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：
Shanghai
is
a
big
city
.(上海是个大城市)
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He
works
hard
.(他工作努力)
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They
usually
keep
their
classroom
clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)
/
He
often
helps
me
do
my
lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)
/
The
teacher
wanted
me
to
learn
French
all
by
myself.(老师要我自学法语)
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where
is
your
classmate
Tom
?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)
3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。
1、合成法：如：spaceship,
headache,
basketball,
playground等等。
2、派生法：
(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or
②动词+ing
③动词+(t)ion
④形容词+ness
⑤其他,如：inventor,
learner,
swimming,
congratulation,
kindness,
carelessness,
knowledge
(2)派生形容词：①名词+y
②名词+ful
③动词+ing/ed
④friendly
⑤dangerous
⑥Chinese;
Japanese
⑦English
⑧French
⑨German
⑩国名+(i)an
如：snowy,
sunny,
hopeful,
beautiful,
interesting,
follwing,
daily(每日的),nervous,
delicious
(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly
②其它,如：slowly,
angrily,
full→fully,
good→well,
possible→possibly等等。
3、转换法：
(1)形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干),
clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。
(2)动词→名词,如：look,
walk,
rest,
work,
study,
swim,
go,
talk等等。
(3)名词→动词,如：hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。
(4)形容词→副词,如：early→early,
fast→fast等等。
(5)副词→连词,如：when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。
(6)介词→副词,如：in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。